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& Histurg 

OF 1 THE 


(Kang tBgaiinn 


IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS 


|IwbU;e;e 


by ABRAM SIMON 

ft 

Rabbi of the 

Washington Hebrew Congregation 


1905 

















PRESS OF 

The Tippman Printing Co. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



O S '7'lJ 

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Respectfully Dedicated 


TO ALL 

WHO HAVE HELPED TO 

FOUND, FOSTER AND FURTHER 
THE INTERESTS AND THE AIMS 

OF THE 

WASHINGTON HEBREW CONGREGATION, 


THE AUTHOR. 















PREFACE 


/^WING to the absence of the first re- 
cords of the congregation, the writer 
has been compelled to resort to the helpful 
assistance of Messrs. Joseph Friedenwald, 
Levy Bar, Elias Kaufman and Isaac Strouse 
of Baltimore, Sam Samstag of New York, 
Ben Kaufman of Boston, and S. Heller, 
Henry Strassburger and S. Herman of our 
city. In certain instances where memories 
crossed each other, he has resorted to the 
more likely and probable date or fact or 
theory. To all of these gentlemen and also 
to Bachrach & Bro., Joseph Abel and Dr. 
G. W. Walter, the writer is very grateful 
for their generous assistance. 


















































































































































































































l 










& -Hisiarg of the 

TOasMtiglan ffefrrnu dtangregalimt. 


Ftoe decades flowm, since Faith had firmly weld’ 
In (Soil's fierce torse of flaming riaig, 

£ link in Israel's drain of noble £Tri' 

£«d gilds it norn rniih higher ^Beauig. 


T 


HE history of the “Pioneer as Hero” 
falls to the lot of him who is willing 
and courageous enough to complete 
the inspiriting series of biographical 
studies of Thomas Carlyle. The 
pioneer represents the sturdy type 
of progressive movement, content 
with little, suffering privation, glow¬ 
ing with ideals, trustful of the 
future’s fruition of his early plant¬ 
ing. There is no grander page in Life’s volume 
than the one recording the “Day of small begin¬ 
nings” in religion, discovery, art and politics. 
The pioneer embodies, thus, the essentially 
heroic. 


7 










Recognition of our obligations to this advance- 
guard and of our desire to give them their proper 
niche in the Temple of worthy Endeavor is in 
itself a profound and solemn duty. It is a great 
thing to have a past. To attempt to break the 
thread of continuity is cowardly and foolish. 
Tradition is the well-spring of patriotism, enthu¬ 
siasm and social motion. To know the strands 
that bind us to the labors of the past is desir¬ 
able historically, intellectually and, above all, 
morally. 

This is a Jubilee year. It is the two hundred 
and fiftieth anniversary of the re-admission of 
the Jew into England and of his coming to 
America. It is refreshing in the dreary days of 
bleak November to recall the early blossoms of 
Spring. This sentiment inherent in human na¬ 
ture is basic to all celebrations of a commemora¬ 
tive character. Pride, gratitude and the conscious¬ 
ness of higher obligation rise to the surface to be 
embodied into action. Worthy fathers have a 
right to expect worthier sons. Our prosperity 
must not dull the keen edge of appreciation. 
This idea is pivotal to our Congregation’s Jubilee. 


SAM HERMAN. S. HELLER. 

Living Pioneers. 

















, 







* 






























* 




























Three years and five decades have rolled by in 
accumulative blessedness since a choice band of 
heroic and self-denying individuals formed the 
first Jewish institution in this District. The ex¬ 
act date of the arrival of the first of Israel's 
children hither is unknown, but that a fairly 
strong colony of Jews lived here as early as 1847, 
mostly young men clerking in stores and going 
to Baltimore for the main holiday services, is a 
fact. Directories antecedent to this date contain 
a number of names that are suggestively Jewish 
but whose classification as such, because of their 
Germanic sound, would be very hazardous. 
Although it is fifty years since the congregation 
secured its charter, yet the Washington Hebrew 
Congregation was organized in 1852. A hardy 
band of young and spirited pioneers, poor in the 
world’s goods, but rich in the pride of their relig¬ 
ious heritage and anxious to maintain the rites 
of their faith, met on April 25th, in the home of 
W. Jacobi, on the Avenue, between 19th and 
20th Streets. An organization was effected with 
the following chosen officers and membership; 

President, Solomon Pribram; Vice-President, 


9 


Jacob Saqui; Treasurer, Jonas Gluck; Secretary, 
Albert Horwitz, together with Leopold Oppen- 
heimer, Moritz Fischer, Herman Lissberger, Levy 
Whetfield, Moses May, Leopold Gassenheimer, 
W. Jacobi, Feist Hanlein, Sam Wallach, A. 
Bernstein, Sam Bien, Moses Friedenwald, Henry 
Lauchheimer, L. Cohen, Joseph Friedenwald, 
Abraham Strassburger and N. A. Schloss. 
These represented the Washington and George¬ 
town residents. A Sepher Torah was borrowed 
from Mr. N. A. Schloss of Georgetown, who is 
recalled in Dr. Rosenau’s Congregational History 
of Oheb Shalom, page 12, as having done the 
same to the latter in 1850. For about two 
years, from 1852 to 1854, they held their services 
first in the homes of H. Lissberger and M. Lully, 
then over the home of L. Cohen, corner H 
and the Avenue, between 18th and 19th Streets, 
then moved to a rented room on Four-and-a-half 
Street and Maryland Avenue. S. W., then to 
Seventh Street near D. Members of the con¬ 
gregation like Lissberger and Jacobi took charge 
of the services; and a little later than this period 
Mr. Bloch and Mr. Jacobi acted as Readers. 
In 1854, Mr. Sam Herman, still very active and 


10 


hearty, came from Baltimore and was the first 
officially elected Chazan, serving also in the 
capacity of Secretary for one year. During 
his year the services were held in the home of 
the President, Isaac Herzberg, on the Avenue, 
between Third and Four-and-a-half Streets. 

The month of December marked the red-letter 
day in the history of the Congregation. While in 
nearly every Eastern State, the contest for abso- ; 
lute religious and civil freedom and for the rights 
of the Jew were bitterly contested and in some 
States only but recently, as it were, grantedj 
the Jew in this District had no struggle. The 
absence of the Jew created no issues. The corn- 
ing of the Jew into a community has already', 
brought new problems there for solution. When 
the handful of sturdy pioneers thought of secur¬ 
ing a Charter, they found the doors against them, 
only by implication. The privileges for holding 
services and maintaining religious institutions 
were construed Christianwise, yet with no per¬ 
secuting or restricting intent. Thus, special 
efforts were required to secure a congregational 
Charter, and that too, from Congress in a bill 
signed by the President of the United States. 


ii 



The little congregation was eminently grateful to 
Captain Jonas P. Levy for this successful privi¬ 
lege. It ought to be added that Captain Levy 
has had a fine record long before this year of 
1855 for loyalty to the cause of Israel and for 
insistence upon the equal rights of all Jewish- 
Americans with their non-Jewish fellow-citizens. 
Thus, in the twelfth volume of the Jewish En¬ 
cyclopedia, in the article on “Jews in the United 
States,” Captain Levy’s heroic and patriotic ser¬ 
vice is dwelt upon. 

CHARTER. 

Thirty-Fourth Congress of the United 
States of America, at the first session, begun 
and held at the City of Washington, in the Dis¬ 
trict of Columbia, on Monday, the 3rd day of 
December, 1855. 

AN ACT for the benefit of the Washington 
Hebrew Congregation in the City of Washington. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House 
of Representatives of the United States 
of America in Congress assembled. That 
all the rights, privileges and immunities hereto¬ 
fore granted by law to the Christian churches in 
the City of Washington be, and the same here¬ 
by are extended to the Hebrew Congregation of 
said City, and that the third section of the Act 


12 


approved the seventeenth of June, eighteen hun¬ 
dred and forty-four, entitled “An act concerning 
conveyances or devises of places of worship in 
the District of Columbia,” shall be so construed 
as to allow the members of the Hebrew Congre¬ 
gation from time to time, by a vote of two-thirds 
to elect their own trustees, and the same by a 
like vote to displace at pleasure; which said trus¬ 
tees shall, during their continuance in office, 
have the same title in and power over any lot 
or tract of land, as if held by them under the act 
aforesaid for a Christian church; PROVIDED 
That any and all legal and equitable rights, de¬ 
mands, or liabilities of the said Hebrew Congre¬ 
gation, acquired or assumed by or through said 
trustees, shall be limited to the trust property of 
said congregation held by said trustees. 

Nathaniel P. Banks,. 

Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

December 3rd, 1855. 

Jessie D. Bright, 

President of the Senate, PRO TEMPORE. 

June 2nd, 1856. 

Approved in duplicate and signed by— 
Franklin Pierce, 
President of the United States. 

While about sixty names are on the congrega¬ 
tion’s books at the charter-season, it is clear 


13 


enough that no more than forty were full mem¬ 
bers, while the others were enrolled because 
they were seat-holders or purchasers of Kosher 
meat, to be had only through the authority of 
the Board. We can add then, to the original 
twenty-one the following members; L. Seldner, 
H. King, Jr., M. Lully, Braun, I. Herzberg, A. 
Rice (Reiss), I. Kish, S. Heller, N. Kaufman, 
S. King, Litten, Joseph Joseph, Leon Block, 
H. Hexter, William Wolf, S. Herman, B. Kauf¬ 
man, H. Mela and Jonas P. Levy. The follow¬ 
ing appear as having either joined a year or two 
afterwards or were contributing members; S. 
Samstag, M. Samstag, N. Greenbaum, D. E. 
Young, Strauss, Goldsmith, Frank, Baer, Levy 
Bar, H. Weil, H. Heineman, I. Strouse, Hecht, 
Lieblich, Bloch, Jos. H. Hanlein, Roewald, 
Foulder, Wogel, Waterman, M. Oppenheimer, 
Ledderman, E. Kaufman, I. Stein, J. Hildes- 
heimer and M. Seigel. Most of them wer'e 
young Germans from Bavaria,Hessen and Baden, 
bringing with them the Sulzbach ritual and trans¬ 
planting their strong orthodoxy amid the new 
environments. A Mr. Seldner was elected 
Chazan in 1855 and then H. Mela, and the serv- 


14 


ices were held on Fourth Street opposite the City 
Hall, for a year and a half, and then transferred 
to S. E. corner Ninth and D. The members taxed 
themselves one dollar a month for dues and extra 
for the Schochet and, by selling the privilege of 
Kosher meat, created thereby enough revenue 
for the Chazan so as to keep the membership 
expense as low as possible. An incident is told 
which thoroughly photographs the sentiments 
and the life of the period. In March, 1855, the 
late William Wolf and his prospective brother-in- 
law, Mr. N. Kaufman, invited Mr. W. Jacobi to 
officiate at the former’s marriage ceremony to 
the wounded feelings of Mr. S. Herman, then 
acting Chazan. For this breach of professional 
discourtesy, Mr. Niem Kaufman was refused 
Kosher meat as a punishment. 

In the Fall of 1857, Rev. S. M. Lansburgh ac¬ 
cepted the local leadership. He came well 
recommended from a year’s service in Baltimore 
and as the author of a “System der Mathemati- 
schen und Theologischen Chronologie Oder Zeit- 
kunde von 1741-1900.” It is written in German 
and represents a creditable amount of work and 
accurate astronomical and historical knowledge. 


15 


The first revised constitution written in 1857 was 
signed by forty-four members, showing that for 
two years the membership was stationary. An 
incident which has grown in interest concerns it¬ 
self with national events of this period and is re¬ 
lated to the local congregation merely because 
of its being situated in this District. Because of 
the slavery agitation when party spirit ran high 
and furious, and party lines were most sharply 
defined, a deadlock lasting two months pre¬ 
vented the election of a Speaker of the House of 
Representatives. In desperation, or with the 
thought that prayer availeth yet in Israel, the 
Speaker then approached the president of this 
congregation immediately after the Sabbath 
morning services, asking if he would not permit 
the congregation’s minister to offer prayer. 
Owing to Mr. Lansburgh’s lack of fluency in 
English,Mr. A. S. Solomons secured the services of 
the Rev. Dr. Raphall of New York who, appearing 
in dignified mien with becoming Tallith and cap, 
inspired the confidence of all the law-makers 
present. His simple prayer for wisdom and har¬ 
mony was followed immediately by the breaking 
of the deadlock and the successful election 


of a Speaker. In this connection we might 
add somewhat anticipatory that the privilege of 
opening the House or the Senate with prayer 
has been granted visiting Rabbis from time to 
time, such as Drs. I. M. Wise, D. Philipson, J. 
L. Levy, Edward N. Calisch and Joseph Silver- 
man, but the present Washington ministry has 
not been overlooked, inasmuch as Rev. Louis 
Stern had the honor of offering prayer in the 
House and Rabbi Simon was accorded the cour¬ 
tesy in both Senate and House in 1904. 

Nothing of any special interest marks the his¬ 
tory of the little congregation until a rupture oc¬ 
curs in 1859. We need not hide the truth that 
decorum at the meetings and at the services was 
a great desideratum, and that the very mildest 
disagreements became magnified into opportuni¬ 
ties for dissension. Very often their private busi¬ 
ness cares entered into congregational discussion 
and seemed, so they thought, fundamental to 
the synagog’s stability. At any rate, the seces¬ 
sion that was already in the air as a national issue, 
became in this congregation an immediate 
reality. I have not yet been able to discover 
the weighty causes or probable occasions for 


17 


such a breach. It is not altogether a piece of 
spite work on the part of some dissatisfied mem 
bers against the Rev. Mr. Lansburgh, nor is it 
probable that the latter attempted to impose any 
Reform ideas upon them (though in Dr. Rose- 
nau’s History of Congregation Oheb Shalom, 
page 19, Mr. Lansburgh’s suggestions of omitting 
“Shir Hayichud” marked the first step in that 
congregation’s ritual reform.) Whatever was 
basic to this division, it is clear that the leading 
spirits of the seceding Chebra, Messrs. Ben 
Kaufman, S. Heller and Jonas Gluck formed an 
independent “Shul,” held services at Ninth and 
the Market Place, near the commission stores; 
elected a Rev. S.Weil as their Chazan and bought 
a piece of ground on Seventh Street above the 
boundary as a burial spot. 

After the lapse of some months, each congre¬ 
gation realized that separation was suicidal and 
that its strength, its very life and future lay in 
co-operation. A union was thus effected on con¬ 
dition that the withdrawing congregation might 
bring Mr. Weil as Chazan of the united congre¬ 
gation. Mr. Lansburgh yielded to the logic of 
the situation most gracefully, and shortly there- 
18 


after went to his eternal reward in Baltimore. 
Taking as his text the words of Deuteronomy 
XX, 6, “And what man is there who hath planted a 
vineyard and hath not redeemed it? Let him go 
and return to his home!”, Rabbi Szold preached 
thereon a soulful and impressive funeral address 
over this departed worker in the vineyard of the 
Lord. 

An incident can be told in this connection. This 
Congregation worshiping at Finkman’s Hall 
(near the Engine House), rejoiced in the posses¬ 
sion of a new Scroll and the distinguished honor 
of holding it on this especial day of celebration 
fell to the happy lot of the Hon. Judah P. Ben¬ 
jamin, then United States Senator from Louisiana. 

Rev. Weil's ministry showed many indications 
of congregational progress along all the lines of 
religious, educational and numerical activity. It 
is true one hears a great deal about “Shnoder- 
gelt, Schochet-gelt, Z’doko tatsil mimmoves 
gelt,” fines for non-payment of dues and for fail¬ 
ure to attend “Minyan” yet it must be stated 
that real and substantial progress was made in 
the years from 1861 to 1867. It is recorded how 
the congregation, keeping itself in touch with 
19 


national issues, joined its sister congregations in 
observing January 4, 1861 as a fast day while 
the slavery question overshadowed all problems 
and issues with its leadening and deadening 
clouds of despair and imminent destruction. 

One of the most significant meetings of the 
congregation was held in January of 1861 and a 
new constitution signed by one hundred and one 
members, enacting among other things, the fol¬ 
lowing special points, was accepted; 

(a) The adoption of the Roedelheim Prayer Book 
was in itself a significant move in the right direc¬ 
tion towards a dignified and appreciable service. 
The ritual changes included the excision of un¬ 
necessary Selichoth, the reading of the Mishe 
berach for the congregation in German and the 
rendition of the blessing for the government in 
the English language. Prayers shall be read “in 
plain and solemn style according to the Minhag 
America.’’ 

(b) The institution of a choir belongs to this 
period of development. Rev. Weil was author¬ 
ized to purchase some music in Baltimore. Mr. 
I. L. Blout who joined the congregation at this 
time became the leader and organizer of the new 


20 


choir and was its inspiring force for many years 
thereafter. 

(c) The creation of a school as part of the con¬ 
gregation’s activities became a fact in October, 
1861. Though at first the school taught secular 
branches such as English, Arithmetic and Ger¬ 
man, in addition to the religious studies, it was 
not long before it became a religious school only 
and, years after, was placed under the super¬ 
vision of a special school board. In its first years, 
sessions were held from 9 a. m. to noon, and 
from 1 p. m. to 4 p. m., teaching three hours 
German and Hebrew in the morning while the 
afternoon was devoted to English and kindred 
subjects. Members paid one dollar a month for 
each child, one dollar and a half was the tax for 
non-members’ children. In April of 1865 there 
were sixty-four members’ children in the school 
and eleven of non-members’. Dr. Hochheimer 
of Baltimore agreed to examine the classes every 
three months. 

(d) Section three provides for the election of a 
competent Lecturer and Preacher as the congre¬ 
gation up to that time and for three decades 
thereafter simply elected one as Chazan, Reader 


21 


and Teacher. Article eight calls for the formal 
installation of the president on “Simchath 
Torah.” 

The Civil War brought many Jewish soldiers 
here. In 1862 a special service on the holidays 
was held in Alexandria for them by Mr. Moritz 
Fischer. It is related that a Jewish officer in full 
uniform, desiring to attend the Yom Kippur serv¬ 
ices in this city, held in Finkman Hall, refused at 
first to enter, as the sight of men and women 
worshiping together on the same floor was offen¬ 
sive to his orthodox sentiment. When told that 
economy and the absence of galleries compelled 
them to seat the men in the front and the women 
to the rear, his conscience and religious sensibil¬ 
ities were appeased. 

The numerical growth of the congregation and 
the unsatisfactory quarters at the corner of Ninth 
and D Streets compelled the possession of a per¬ 
manent home. After canvassing in neighboring 
cities, sufficient money was secured to purchase 
the South Methodist Church on the west side of 
Eighth Street between H and I, which was being 
temporarily utilized as a governmental hospital 
and for which the congregation was re-imbursed 


22 



DR. HERMAN BAAR. 


REV. S. WEIL. 


REV. S. M. UNSBURGH. 










































































































































$320 damages. It was a joyous day in this little 
community when in the Spring of 1863 they 
moved into their new home dedicated by the 
Rev. Dr. Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia. They 
determined to call themselves “Shaare Zedek 
Congregation,” though this name was never 
used after its announcement. Dr. I. M. Wise 
preached during the same year here and in 1865 
Dr. Leeser was asked to deliver a special mem¬ 
orial sermon in April on the death of Abraham 
Lincoln. 

The Civil War wrought havoc in the congrega¬ 
tion, which was reduced to a membership of sev¬ 
enty seven. Rev. Weil left and was succeeded in 
January of 1867 by Rev. I. S. Jacobson, and he in 
1869by Dr. Herman Baar. The last named had 
suffered some severe throat affection while cross¬ 
ing the ocean from Liverpool, England, and re¬ 
mained here but a short while to make himself more 
useful and forever happily remembered as the 
‘‘Father of the Orphan.” Rev. Isaac Stemple fol¬ 
lowed in August, 1870, having served gratis for 
sometime. We reach a period of ferment. The con¬ 
gregation is divided on religious questions. Gener¬ 
ally speaking the members have always been 
23 


conservative and have possessed a “Baltimore 
Judaism” largely due to the influence of Rev. 
Dr. Szold upon the many young men and women 
who came hither from Baltimore. But deeper 
still was a current growing in force and volume; 
not so numerically strong, these younger men 
craved for a more progressive interpretation of 
Judaism and its rites of belief and of practice. 
Reform was in the air and the congregation felt 
its bracing and stimulating effect. Changes such 
as the abolition of “Kiddush” in the synagogue, 
of the Chazan’s facing the Holy of Holies, 
of the wearing of the funeral praying-shroud, of 
the calling up of “Levi, Cohen and Israelite” 
were accepted without a wrench of soul; the mo¬ 
tion to sing the hymns in English, to recite aloud 
the “Shemone Esre” was readily concurred in, 
but the gift of a melodeon by Henry Adler in be¬ 
half of himself, L. Baar, I. Herzberg, Philip Wal- 
lach and Henry Blout, though accepted by the 
Board, stirred in the congregation a whirlwind 
of excitement and opposition. To many the leap 
seemed too sudden and too great. Thus it hap¬ 
pened that in 1870 about thirty five members left 
the parent body and organized an independent 




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THE OLD TEMPLE. 1863—1897 






























congregation which has since remained true to 
orthodoxy. The Washington Hebrew Congre¬ 
gation shook but did not totter. The secession 
was a blessing in disguise. It brought unity, 
harmony and an intensification of the religious 
consciousness. A growth in decency and deco¬ 
rum followed. The lopped off and dried branches 
gave opportunity as days rolled on for a freer 
flow of vitalizing sap. The roots were sunk 
deeper in the soil. The congregation was now 
committed to Reform and Historical Judaism and 
it has consistently kept to that standard of a 
happy and rational medium. A reclassified pew 
system became necessary and the remaining 
members, left to shoulder the responsibility,were 
drawn more closely together and, with unity of 
purpose and principle, moved on under the newer 
religious inspiration from strength to strength. 

The following year was filled by Rev. 
Michael Goldberg and, outside of the persistent 
rumor and desire for another prayer-book, we 
must note his institution for the first time of the 
confirmation ceremony. The first class con¬ 
sisted of these girls, Hannah Fischer (Mrs. Eli 
Sickle), Bertha Herman (Mrs. D. Strauss), 
25 


Rebecca Buchbinder, Hannah Nachman (Mrs. 
M. Clark) Clara Siegel (Mrs. J. Sondheimer), 
Marie Kaufman (Mrs. A. Heyn). 

II. 

The second period of the congregation’s history 
is marked and dominated entirely by the first 
twenty-five years of the ministry of Rev. Louis 
Stern. The advent of this new leader in July of 
1872 found the congregation struggling mightily 
under the heavy burden of self-maintenance. 
Someof the Boardthought seriously of disbanding. 
Braver hearts rose equal to the emergency. The 
question of meeting growing expenses was an¬ 
swered by the common-sense device of economy. 
The choir-account was reduced and the member¬ 
ship dues raised uniformly to three dollars a 
month, thus creating additional revenue to what 
an increased membership might bring. The 
future promised well and, under these most 
favoring conditions, the ministry of Dr. Stern 
began a steady and successful forward move¬ 
ment. Dignity marked the new devotional ex¬ 
ercises; the inspiring strains of lofty and of dis¬ 
tinctively Jewish music lent wings to the soul; 
the introduction of the Jastrow-Szold ritual in 
26 



REV. LOUIS STERN. 


















4 





< 















\ 





1 















i 873> met the growing needs of the enlightened 
and American form of worship. The Temple 
was rebuilt in 1877 and again in 1888 at which 
latter date the dedication sermon was preached 
by Dr. Szold on the 16th of April. By this time 
the membership had climbed to one hundred and 
sixty one. The question of worshiping without 
hats was lost by a vote of 25 to 8; it was debated 
again in 1884 with the same negative result and 
it was not until 1890 that the persistency of the 
movement for a thorough-going and consistent 
reform was finally successful. 

Scarcely had another decade rolled by when 
the desire and the demand for larger and more 
commodious quarters in keeping with the dignity 
of the first Jewish congregation in the Nation’s 
capital gathered strength. Though as early as 
1893, Mr. Henry King Jr. reported as to its wis¬ 
dom, it was not until the Spring of 1897 that the 
president’s enthusiasm and courage won the day 
against all discouragement and defeat. Majority 
and minority reports crossed each other. At last 
with the money accruing from a Fair and the 
hearty support of The Young People’s Temple 
Society and with the liberal subscriptions of 
27 


members and of friends, the solid foundation of 
the New Temple was laid on September 15th, 
1897, amid song, praise and impressive cere¬ 
monial. The character and the joy of the occa¬ 
sion was heightened by the distinguished presence 
of President McKinley and his Cabinet, a prized 
privilege secured through the efforts of Hon. 
Simon Wolf. Nor was the joy unalloyed; the 
moving spirit of the building-president was 
absent. On August 15th, Mr. Henry King was 
translated to the Temple on high, not built of 
human hands. Yet the fine marble slab in the 
vestibule testifies to the congregation’s love, and 
the very Temple itself is monumental of his 
sacrifice, service and loyalty to the cause of 
Judaism and to his congregation. Fortunately 
a most worthy successor was found in Mr. I. L. 
Blout who had been in the service of the congre¬ 
gation since 1862 in every capacity and who, 
taking up the work, carried the Temple-project 
to its successful and stately completion and dedi¬ 
cation on September 9th, 1898. 

The New Temple stands upon the same 
grounds of the older ones with a heightened 
dignity and an impressive grandeur, a splendid 
28 



HENRY KING, JR., 

The Father of the New Temple. 























































































symbol of, and a glorious testimonial to, the 
denial, sacrifice, energy, idealism and religious 
fervor of the congregation. And while praise is 
due to so many earnest and enthusiastic men and 
women, yet it must be allowed that the real bur¬ 
den of the work and criticism and fault-finding 
was borne by the building committee, headed by 
Mr. William Hahn (whose faithful services as 
chairman were appreciatively indicated by the 
receipt of a handsome loving cup) with the follow¬ 
ing gentlemen: I. L. Blout, S. Bieber, Amnon 
Behrend, Meyer Loeb, Max Kaufman, J. Sond- 
heimer and Leopold Luchs. It is interesting to 
note something which has been overlooked; in 
the report of Mr. Hahn to the Congregation he 
advocated the beautification of the Temple by 
Memorial Windows and the necessity for the 
creation of a Ladies Auxiliary Society on the 
plans adopted in neighboring cities where the 
work is directed exclusively to the interests and 
advancement of congregational and useful activ¬ 
ities. These two recommendations still await 
our realization. 

The Fall holyday-season came with an un¬ 
wonted zest. The fond dreams of the members 
29 


were realized. The dedication of the Temple 
with sublime services for two days surpassed 
the wildest anticipations of even the most en¬ 
thusiastic. With swelling strains of praise and 
on wings of heaven-born music the souls of all 
present were lifted upward in joy and gratitude. 
The delivery of the key by Miss Ray Hahn, the 
presentation of the building formally by her 
father, the acceptance thereof by Mr. Blout, the 
lighting of the Perpetual Light by Past President 
Gusdorf, the oration by Dr. Henry Berkowitz of 
Philadelphia, the address of Hon. Simon Wolf, 
the sermon of Dr. Abram S. Isaacs of New York 
and the discourse of Dr. Stern, interspersed 
throughout with musical selections, united to 
send forth and upward a glorious harmony of 
praise to God and of undying inspiration to His 
humble worshipers. Truly indeed could the 
minister have said “I was glad when they said 
to me, Let us go into the house of the Lord.” 

Twenty six years were now crowned with the 
wreath of loyal service; in the preceding year 
the twenty fifth anniversary of his local ministry 
received a hearty and substantial vote of his 
congregation’s love and devotion for him. The 


30 



THE NEW TEMPLE 







































/ 

- 






























* 















i 



















new Temple started forth, full panoplied for 
further achievement and victory. Its member¬ 
ship had reached the two hundred and twentieth 
mark; the Union Prayer Book had been adopted 
the year before; the courageous stand of the 
minister solved forever the wearing of the hat 
and gown, whether on the part of the pul¬ 
pit or of the pew, and thus closed the second 
period of the Washington Hebrew Congregation’s 
onward movement. 

A word of appreciation ought to be here re¬ 
corded. During all these many years the con¬ 
gregation has enjoyed the unstinted efforts of 
some of its members who especially on Rosh 
Hashona and Yom Kippur volunteered their ser¬ 
vices; I refer especially to Messrs. Gotthelf, B. 
Gusdorf, S.‘Herman, S. Goodman, B. Nordlinger, 
C. Brez, I. L. Blout, and, to be sure, to Hon. 
Simon Wolf, whose address on Yom Kippur 
morning for twenty years was always looked 
forward to with especial interest. It is eminently 
proper to add that the unselfish and volunteer 
services of the many Sabbath School Teachers 
and of the members of the Choral Society should 
here find at least this passing word of appreciation. 


3 


Here, too, a word ought to be allowed to re¬ 
cord the names of at least seven gentlemen 
whose membership stretches back over forty 
years. Messrs. B. Gusdorf, L. Rosenberg, 
Simon Wolf and I. L. Blout are all past presi¬ 
dents and still in active membership. Messrs. 
Wm. Wolf and Moses Cohen were both past-vice¬ 
presidents and have but recently gone to their 
eternal rest. Moses Cohen’s eminent services 
as sexton for twenty three years is largely ac¬ 
countable for the rapid increase in membership. 

The congregation has no auxiliary institutions. 
The Webster Literary Society and the Young 
Men’s Hebrew Associationwere strong and helpful 
in their days, but neither was a distinctly congre¬ 
gational affair. The building of the new Temple 
gave birth to the only direct descendant of the con¬ 
gregation and that was the Young People’s Tem¬ 
ple Society, formed one Friday night in 1897 after 
the services were over; it soon grew lusty, strong 
anduseful. Underthepresidency of Mr. Alexander 
Wolf it became a most admirable adjunct to the 
Temple and, in addition to the magnificent, finan¬ 
cial support, it met the literary and social de¬ 
mands of a vast membership. It, too, has since 


32 



HON. SIMON WOLF, 

Chairman of Board of Delegates of U. A. H. C. 

























passed out of existence. Yet it must be allowed 
that the Temple’s inspiration has helped to bring 
to life and usefulness many an organization now 
thriving and many a one since forgotten. 

While thus recounting the efforts of men to 
answer the religious and ethical demands of the 
living, we must speak briefly of their worthy and 
tender regard for those who have joined the si¬ 
lent majority. Respect for the departed is native 
to the Jewish soul. In nearly every pioneer 
community the death of one of their number 
creates the necessity for an institution or organ¬ 
ization with the proper care of the dead as one of 
its worthiest aims; in this wise many a congre¬ 
gation was born. It is definitely known that 
before 1850 a few Jews were taken to Baltimore 
for burial; but the death of Mr. Meimberg in 
Georgetown led the little pioneer group to secure 
some suitable burying spot. It was then that a 
little ground was bought along the Hamilton 
Road through the efforts of Joseph Friedenwald 
(now in Baltimore,) and of Moritz Fischer. The 
seceding Chebra in 1859 chose a separate place 
on Seventh Street above U and in their merging 
with the parent-body readily disposed of it. 


33 


When thus united, special efforts secured for 
them added ground. In 1879 three acres were 
bought and the family lot system successfully 
inaugurated through the insistance of Mr. Henry 
Franc. The name of “Machpelah” was given to it. 
In 1890 four more acres were bought; the ground 
was handsomely laid out, new walks, stable and 
toilet accomodations were added, a fine stone 
bridge was made to span the declivity so as to 
reach with ease the newer and elevated ground, 
and two years later a commodious mortuary 
chapel was erected. Thanks to the special 
labors of H. Franc and Louis Abrahams the com¬ 
mittees of former times and to the untiring ser¬ 
vices of Ben Salomon, chairman, I. L. Blout, A. 
M. Fishel, Jacob Eisenmann and J. Jacobi of 
more recent days, we can with justice and pride 
point to a peaceful and beautiful cemetery, the 
complete property of the congregation and one 
possessing every possible comfort and accomo¬ 
dation. The annual Memorial Services held on 
the grounds or, during inclement weather, in the, 
chapel, have now become a permanent feature 
of our religious life. 


34 



RABBI ABRAM SIMON. 


























1 




















































































































III. 

The recent and third period of the congrega¬ 
tion’s history is still fresh in the minds of the 
people and a few lines can tell its entire story. 
The year 1903 witnesses thirty years of ser¬ 
vice on the part of Dr. Stern and his deserved 
reelection for five more years as minister. In 
the April meeting of 1903, the president was au¬ 
thorized to appoint a committee of five looking 
to the advisability of engaging a Rabbi. Though 
the matter hung fire for some time and selfish 
stones were thrown in the path of what was con¬ 
sidered a perfectly logical and progressive move¬ 
ment, the committee reported finally of having 
received an affirmative reply from Rabbi Abram 
Simon, of Temple Israel of Omaha, Nebraska. 
At the installation on February 5th 1904, Rabbi 
Simon’s discourse on the “The Valley of Dry 
Bones,” the strong induction sermon of Rev. Dr. 
Rosenau, of Baltimore, and the fellowship ad¬ 
dresses of Rev. Louis Stern and Mr. Simon Wolf 
lent to the occasion dignity, solemnity and the 
happy auguries of congregational advancement. 

The building of satisfactory fire-escapes en¬ 
tailing an expense of $1600 was at once under- 
35 


taken. The inadequacy of the Temple to meet 
the growing demand for more of the desirable 
pews became at once apparent and led to the 
appointment of a building committee to devise 
ways and means looking to the enlargement and 
enhancement of the present structure. The se¬ 
lection of Mr. Jacob Eisenmann as chairman was 
a particularly fortunate choice as the result 
proved conclusively; associated with him were, 
Messrs. William Hahn, J. Sondheimer, Ben Sal¬ 
omon and Max Fischer. The $i 1000 netted from 
a Fair given in February 1905 enabled the com¬ 
mittee to remove the two small rooms on either 
side of the pulpit, replace them by thirty two 
new pews, add two study rooms, tint all the 
rooms of the Sabbath School vestry, decorate and 
frescoe the entire auditorium in a simple, artistic 
and inspiring manner and, besides, to reduce the 
mortgage by $4600. It is agreed that our Temple 
is as inviting and as appealing to the aesthetic 
and religious sensibilities and emotions of the 
worshipers as any in this District of splendidly 
appointed houses of worship. 

The Jubilee thus finds the congregation in a 
mood for rejoicing. Three hundred and fifty strong, 
36 


SUCCOTH 1905,-5666 A. 









































. 



















* 










































■ 











we have the proud consciousness that the Temple 
is not a handsome sepulchre, but that it is truly 
alive with happy and devout worshipers, grateful 
for the past and the present, and rejoicing in the 
larger opportunities before them and in the 
heavier burdens they feel they can afford to 
shoulder. The attendance on Friday evenings 
compares very favorably with the largest Jewish 
communities in the land, and the Childrens , 
service on Saturday from 9.30 to 10 A. M. fol¬ 
lowed by the regular Sabbath morning devotions 
fall not behind other services elsewhere in the 
country on the same day. The symbolism of 
Judaism has been brought back to the people 
as with zeal and zest they witness the public 
Seder, the Succah and the Chanukah flames. 
Two hundred and five children, besides a post- 
comfirmation class of twelve, are enrolled in the 
Sabbath School. 

The Temple has become a veritable home. 
No less than eight organizations hold their regu¬ 
lar meetings in the vestry and there is scarcely 
a day when its ample doors are not generously 
open for some charitable, religious or literary 
purpose. Thus, under the continued presidency 
37 


of Mr. I. L. Blout, whose activities in the charities 
and congregational life make him well-nigh in¬ 
dispensable, the future looks bright and 
auspicious. 

The story has been all too briefly told. The 
glory of the pioneer has been especially re¬ 
counted for he deserves the credit of the path¬ 
finder. Proud, indeed, would that little band of 
twenty one feel could they today see the fruit¬ 
age of their sowing and planting. We are for¬ 
tunately situated in this District. Washington 
has a right to have a most representative con¬ 
gregation. The Temple has a moral right to 
leadership in Jewish affairs. Its situation in this 
capital is a mere matter of accident; it must, 
however, win and deserve the intellectual and 
religious vantage-ground by enthusiastic work, 
by a deepening of its Jewish consciousness, by 
a wholehearted patriotism and by a wholesome 
desire and passion to be of service to the larger 
congregation of Israel. To grow into this wider 
representative character is the broader outlook of 
duty which this Jubilee opens out to us. Ye 
members and friends of The Washington Hebrew 
Congregation, go forth with courage and faith, 
with hope and wisdom to gain the promised goal! 

faith spun a hopeful, silken thread 
Into the strand of Israel's Task; 

& Cable noro, fine rieeades fled, 

CScips Semite in its golden clasp. 

38 
































« 




























































































©ffirers nf the GJmtgregatum 


'Vzzsidznt 

Solomon Pribram, 1852-1853—? 
Herman Lissberger, 1853-1854 
Isaac Herzberg, 1854-1855 
Joseph Friedenwaed, 1855-1857 

L. Oppenheimer, 1857-1858? 
Moritz Fisher, 1858-1859 ? 
Levy Bar, 1859-1862 
Isaac Herzberg, 1862-1863 
Ben Kaufman, 1863-1867 

B. Gusdorf, 1867-1869 
Ben Kaufman, 1869-1870 

M. H. Prince, 1870-1871 
Simon Woef, 1871-1873 

H. Adeer, 1873-1880 

I. L. Beout, 1880-1881 

C. Baum, 1881-1882 

L. Rosenberg, 1882-1885 

H. King, Jr., 1885-1897 

I. L. Beout, 1897- 


39 






Jacob Saqui, 1852-? 

Sam King, 1860-1861 
Ben Kaufman, 1861-1863 
I. Beggardt, 1863-1865 
Moses May, 1865-1867 
Wieeiam Woef, 1869-1871 
B. Raff, 1871-1873 
Moses Cohen, 1873-1875 

I. L Beout, 1879-1880 
B. Gusdorf, 1880-1881 
S. HEEEER 1881-1882 

J. P. Herman, 1882-1887 

Phieip Peyser, 1887-1893 
M. Goedsmith, 1893-1896 
Phieip Peyser, 1896-1900 
WlEEIAM WOEF, 1900-1904 
Z. Strassburger 1904-1905 
A. M. FiSHEE, 1905- 


H'zmsnrzr. 

Jonas Geuck, 1852-? 

L. Oppenheimer, 1856-? 

F. Haneein, 1857-1861 
I. Herzberg. 1861-1862 
Levy Bar, 1862-1863 
H. Adeer, 1863-1865 
Levy Cohen, 1865-1866 
H. Levy 1866-1867 

S. Heeeer, 1867 A. KaufmAn, 1882-1887 

I. Herzberg, 1867-1870 A. Fischer, 1887-1893 
Ben Kaufman, 1870-1881 D. Strauss, 1893-1897 
L. Rosenberg, 1881-1882 Jacob Eisenmann, 1897- 


40 




S. N. MEYER. 
MAX FISCHER. 


JACOB EISENMANN. 
BEN SALOMON. 






















mxuaviiing ^ecretarg. 

AEBERT HORWITZ, 1852-1853 
w. Jacobi, 1853-1854 
Sam Herman, 1854-1855 
M. Sickee, 1860-1862 
A. ADEER, 1862-1866 
M. H. Prince, 1866-1867 
I. Jacobson 1867-1870 
D. Scheeimer, 1870-1872 
A. AdeER, 1872-1900 
S. N. Meyer, 1900- 


Financial Secretary. 

J. P. Herman, 1862-1866 A. Adeer, 1867-1870 
H. L,. Beout, 1866-? s. N. Meyer, 1870- 


Sextan anil ©nllrclnr. 

S. H. Haneein, 1857-? 

Charees Freirich, 1861-1862 
M. Oppenheimer, 1862-1870 
S. Schwartz, 1870-1881 
Moses Cohen, 1881-1904 
L,. J. Kaufman, 1904- 


Waxier, Teacher and Tlahhi. 

S, Weie, 1860-1867 
Herman Baar, 1869 
I. S. Jacobson, 1869-1870 
Isaac Stempee, 1870-1871 
S.M.Lansburgh, 1857-60 Michaee Goedberg, 1871-72 

LOUIS STERN, 1872-\ In Office 

Abram Simon, 1904-j 

41 


Jacobi 1852 
S. Herman, 1854-1855 
Seedner, 1855 
H. Meea, 1856-1857 






©fficTrs and fxaxzt 

©f tti? ^Ifctshtngtnn Hzbxzm (Oongregatinn, 

£prtl, 1904-1905. 


President , Isaac L . Blout. 

Vice-President , A. M. Fishel. 

Treasurer , Jacob Eisenmann. 

Secretary , S. N. Meyer. 
^xrard of Tttanagsrs. 

Meyer Cohen, Max Fischer, 

Isidor Grosner, J. Jacobi, 

Maurice Rosenberg, Ben Salomon, 

Trustees. 

A. D. Prince, J. Herzog E. S. Woog, 

sftepair and ftnilding fenmttte*. 

A. M. Fishel, Chairman. 

<&zmzlzvT& (Unmmxttzz. 

Ben Salomon, Chairman. 


Sabbath: Srbcnl dLummvttzz. 

Max Fischer, Chairman , David Kahn, Secretary. 


Facnltg. 


Abram Simon. 

Sophie Sanger. 

Frida Eindheimer. 
Jeanette Ganss 
Alma Goodman. 

Sarah 


Eouis Stern. 
Johanna Young. 
Bertha Eowenthal. 
Recha Sanders. 
Sadie Goodman. 
West. 


sftlinislers. 

Eouis Stern. Abram Simon. 


Sexton , E. J. Kaufman. 

©bflir. 

Dr. G. W. Walter, Organist. 

Mrs. m. N. Martin. Mrs. Nellie Shir-Cliffe. 
Mr. J. H. Nolan. Mr. W. D. Mac Farland. 

42 




JOSKPII JACOBI. 
ISIDOR GROvSNER- 


MAURICE ROSENBERG. 
MEYER COHEN. 































































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